Flowering Plants Visited
by Xylocopa virginica
Xylocopa virginica Drury: Anthophoridae (Xylocopini), Hymenoptera
(observations are from Robertson, Graenicher, Hilty, Mitchell, Stephenson, Baskin, Baskin, & Quarterman, [BBQ], Clinebell & Bernhardt, Clinebell, Bernhardt, Macior, Luer, Conger, Cane et al., Motten, Ott, Steury et al., Smith et al., Grundel et al., Tuell et al., Discover Life, Reynolds et al., Levin, Wilhelm & Rericha, and Soley; this bees often perforates the base of large corollas to steal nectar from flowers)
Anacardiaceae: Rhus copallinum [unsp] (WR), Rhus glabra [unsp fq] (Smh), Rhus hirta [unsp] (WR); Apiaceae: Angelica atropurpurea (WR), Sanicula odorata (WR), Zizia aurea (WR); Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias incarnata [plup sn fq] (Tll), Asclepias purpurascens [plup sn] (WR), Asclepias syriaca sn (WR), Asclepias viridis [plup sn] (Smh); Asteraceae: Arnoglossum muhlenbergii sn cp (Gr), Aster sp. fq (Smh), Aster furcatus sn cp (Gr), Aster laevis sn cp (Gr), Aster novae-angliae sn cp (Gr), Aster oolentangiensis (WR), Aster patens (SDO), Aster pilosus (SDO), Aster prenanthoides sn (Gr), Aster puniceus sn cp (Gr), Bidens aristosa (Smh), Bidens polylepis (WR), Cirsium sp. (Smh), Cirsium arvense (WR), Cirsium discolor (WR), Cirsium hillii (WR), Cirsium muticum (WR), Coreopsis tripteris (WR), Echinacea pallida (WR), Echinacea purpurea sn (Rb, Cl), Erigeron philadelphicus (Smh), Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (WR), Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (WR), Eupatoriadelphus purpureus sn (Gr), Eupatorium altissimum sn (H, WR), Eupatorium perfoliatum (WR), Euthamia graminifolia sn cp (Gr, WR), Helenium autumnale sn cp (Gr), Helianthus annuus (WR), Helianthus giganteus sn (Gr), Helianthus grosseserratus (WR), Helianthus occidentalis (WR), Helianthus strumosus sn cp (Gr), Liatris sp. (Smh), Liatris aspera (WR), Liatris cylindracea (Gnd), Liatris pycnostachya (Cl), Liatris scariosa nieuwlandii (WR), Liatris spicata fq (SDO, Smh, Gnd, WR), Mikania scandens (Smh), Oligoneuron rigidum (H, WR), Pluchea camphorata (Smh), Ratibida pinnata sn (Gr, Smh, Tll), Rudbeckia hirta fq (Smh), Rudbeckia subtomentosa (WR), Senecio anonymus fq (Smh), Silphium integrifolium (H), Silphium laciniatum (Smh), Solidago sp. (Smh), Solidago canadensis (WR), Solidago gigantea (WR), Solidago juncea (WR), Solidago nemoralis (WR), Solidago patula sn/cp (WR), Solidago riddellii (Tll), Solidago rugosa (WR), Solidago sempervirens (WR), Solidago speciosa (Gnd, Tll), Vernonia gigantea (DL); Berberidaceae: Podophyllum peltatum cp/exp (Mtt); Bignoniaceae: Catalpa speciosa sn cp (St); Brassicaceae: Hesperis matronalis (WR); Cactaceae: Opuntia humifusa (Mch); Caesalpiniaceae: Chamaecrista fasciculata [flwr cp] [exfl sn] (Smh, WR); Campanulaceae: Campanulastrum americanum (WR); Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera oblongifolia sn (Gr), Lonicera tartarica sn (Gr), Symphoricarpos albus sn (Gr); Caryophyllaceae: Silene caroliniana fq (Ry); Commelinaceae: Tradescantia ohiensis swf/cp (WR); Convolvulaceae: Cuscuta glomerata sn/cp (WR); Cornaceae: Cornus drummondii (Smh), Cornus obliqua sn cp (Rb); Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbita pepo (H); Elaeagnaceae: Elaeagnus umbellata fq (Sl); Ericaceae: Vaccinium corymbosum (Gnd), Vaccinium pallidum (WR), Vaccinium stamineum sn cp fq (Cn); Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia corollata (Gnd, WR); Fabaceae: Amorpha canescens (WR), Astragalus tennesseenis sn (BBQ), Dalea candida fq (Smh), Dalea purpurea sn fq (Rb, Smh, WR), Medicago sativa (DL), Melilotus alba sn (Rb), Melilotus officinalis fq (Smh), Tephrosia virginiana (Gnd); Gentianaceae: Gentiana andrewsii prf sn@prf np (WR), Gentianella quinquefolia prf sn@prf np (WR), Gentianopsis virgata (WR), Sabatia campestris (Smh); Grossulariaceae: Ribes cynosbati sn (Gr); Hippocastanaceae: Aesculus glabra (WR), Aesculus parviflora sn (WR); Hypericaceae: Hypericum pyramidatum cp (WR); Iridaceae: Sisyrinchium sp. (Smh); Lamiaceae: Blephilia ciliata (Cng, Smh), Mentha sp. (Smh), Monarda fistulosa fq (Cl), Monarda punctata fq (Tll, WR), Physostegia virginiana prf sn@prf (WR), Prunella vulgaris fq (Smh, WR), Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Smh, WR), Pycnanthemum virginianum (WR), Salvia azurea sn (H), Salvia lyrata (Smh), Stachys pilosa (WR), Teucrium canadense (Cng, WR); Liliaceae: Allium cernuum (WR), Clintonia borealis sn cp (Gr), Polygonatum pubescens sn (Gr); Lythraceae: Lythrum alatum (Lvn), Lythrum salicaria (Lvn, WR); Malvaceae: Hibiscus moscheutos (WR); Mimosaceae: Desmanthus illinoensis (Smh), Schrankia nuttallii cp (Bht); Onagraceae: Ludwigia alternifolia (Ott), Oenothera fruticosa (WR); Orchidaceae: Calopogon tuberosus exp (Lu); Papaveraceae: Sanguinaria canadensis cp (Mtt); Polemoniaceae: Phlox pilosa prf sn@prf np (WR); Portulacaceae: Claytonia virginica (Mtt); Primulaceae: Lysimachia quadriflora cp (WR); Ranunculaceae: Delphinium tricorne prf sn@prf np fq (Mc), Thalictrum revolutum cp np (WR); Rosaceae: Amelanchier humilis sn cp (WR), Malus pumila (WR), Pentaphylloides floribunda (WR), Prunus angustifolia (Smh), Rosa sp. cp (Smh), Rosa carolina (DL), Rosa multiflora cp (SDO), Rosa rugosa (DL), Rubus allegheniensis (WR), Rubus alumnus (WR), Rubus rosa (WR), Rubus semisetosus (WR); Rubiaceae: Hedyotis nigricans (Smh); Salicaceae: Salix discolor [unsp sn] (Gr, WR), Salix interior [unsp] (WR), Salix myricoides [unsp sn/cp] (WR); Scrophulariaceae: Agalinis purpurea prf sn@prf np (WR), Dasistoma macrophylla (Smh), Mimulus ringens sn (Cng), Penstemon calycosus prf sn@prf np (WR), Penstemon cobaea purpureus prf sn@prf np (CB), Penstemon digitalis prf sn@prf np (H), Penstemon grandiflorus prf sn@prf np (CB), Penstemon hirsutus (Tll), Veronicastrum virginicum (Cl); Typhaceae: Typha latifolia cp (WR); Verbenaceae: Verbena bonariensis (WR), Verbena stricta sn (Rb)